Lecture: 2
Tutorial: 0
Practical: 1
Year: I
Part: I

Course Objectives

To provide students an introductory knowledge about the wide range of materials used in the construction of engineering projects. This course emphasizes on the property, defects, productions, preservation, alternatives and utilities of various civil engineering materials which would help in selection of the suitable materials for construction projects. This helps to build a base for the selection, adequate consideration and precautions in aspect of materials during design and construction.

1. Basics of Civil Engineering Materials (2 hours)

1.1 Materials used in engineering constructions: buildings; road and bridges; irrigation and hydropower; water, gas and petroleum supply
1.2 Classification of materials on various basis: existence in nature, functions or usage; metallurgy; composition of materials
1.3 Properties: physical; chemical; mechanical; thermal; optical; electrical; magnetic
1.4 Failure of materials: ductile and brittle failure
1.5 Factors affecting selection of materials: properties and performance; attributes and suitability; durability, safety and requirements; availability, reliability and disposability; and economy and environment
1.6 Material and environment interactions: corrosion; weathering; erosion; thermal strain; exposure to moisture, sunlight, and chemicals

2. Stones (3 hours)

2.1 Classification of rocks and aggregates: geological, physical and chemical classifications of rocks; introduction to coarse and fine aggregates
2.2 Properties of stones: physical, chemical and mechanical properties
2.3 Characteristics of good stones: appearance; structure; strength; porosity and absorption; weathering; fire resistance; hardness and toughness; specific gravity; thermal properties
2.4 Selection and use of stones: selection criteria; various uses of stones in engineering constructions
2.5 Deterioration and preservation of stones: deterioration and its retardation; preservation and preservatives used in stones
2.6 Production, storage and handling of stones: natural bed of stones; selection of quarry site; methods of quarrying; dressing of stones

3. Clay and Clay Products (3 hours)

3.1 Clay: use of clay in constructions; classification/types of clays; properties of clays
3.2 Brick earth: constituents; properties, testing (consistency test; molding property test; deformation and shrinkage test on burning, strength and quality of brick test)
3.3 Bricks: use of bricks; manufacturing of local bricks; classification and properties (including) mechanical properties) of bricks (unburnt and burnt bricks); characteristics of good bricks; standard tests for bricks
3.4 Tiles: use of tiles; manufacturing process of tiles; types and properties of tiles (roof tiles, wall tiles, floor tiles, drain tiles); characteristics of good tiles
3.5 Terracotta, earthenware and glazing: properties; use; composition; production
3.6 Storage and handling of clay and clay products

4. Lime (2 hours)

4.1 Sources and constituent of limestones: limestones and stone lime; kankar lime; shell lime; magnesian lime; impurities in limestones
4.2 Classification/types of limes: quick lime; flat lime, hydraulic lime, poor lime; hydrated lime; milk lime; lump lime
4.3 Characteristics of lime, hydration of lime, slaking nature of lime, solidification of lime
4.4 Manufacture/production of lime: Flow diagram of lime production from limestone and kankar
4.5 Storage, handling and use of different types of lime
4.6 Types of pozzolanic materials and use with lime: volcanic ash; calcinated clay products; clay/kaolin pozzolana; mineral slag; ashes of organic origin

5. Cement (4 hours)

5.1 Fundamentals of cement: ingredients of cement; type and properties of cement; storage, handling and use of cement; characteristics of good cement
5.2 Classification of cements: natural and artificial; different types of cements, their composition, properties and applications
5.3 Manufacture of ordinary cement: dry manufacturing process; wet manufacturing process
5.4 Tests of cement: field test; laboratory tests
5.5 Cement clinkers: compounds of cement clinkers and their functions in cement
5.6 Hydration of cement and admixtures: function and examples of admixture

6. Mortar (2 hours)

6.1 Function and use of mortar
6.2 Properties of mortar: workability, inertness, setting and hardening, adhesion
6.3 Types of mortars: classification; properties and use of different types of mortar
6.4 Preparation, storage and handling of mortar
6.5 Selection of mortar for different construction works
6.6 Testing of mortars

7. Timber (3 hours)

7.1 Tree and timber: growth and structure of tree; properties and use of timber; defects in timber
7.2 Classification of tree and properties of wood: hard wood, soft wood
7.3 Seasoning of timber: definition and importance of seasoning; types of seasoning
7.4 Deterioration and preservation of timber
7.5 Commercial product of timber
7.6 Bamboo: properties and structural use

8. Metals and Alloys (4 hours)

8.1 Metals: classification; properties
8.2 Sources, composition, properties and uses of ferrous metals
8.3 Sources, properties and uses of nonferrous metals
8.4 Heat treatment process and its importance in metals
8.5 Commercial forms of metals and their uses
8.6 Corrosion and its prevention in steel

9. Paints and Varnishes (3 hours)

9.1 Paints: function and ingredients of paints; characteristics of good paint
9.2 Type, composition, properties and uses of paints
9.3 Varnishes: function and ingredients of varnishes; characteristics of good varnishes
9.4 Type, composition, properties and uses of varnishes
9.5 Process of application of different paints and varnishes
9.6 Defects in paints and varnishes

10. Miscellaneous Materials (4 hours)

10.1 Asphalt: origin, composition, properties, types and uses
10.2 Bitumen: origin, composition, properties, types and uses
10.3 Tar: origin, composition, properties, types and uses
10.4 Other materials: composition, properties, types and uses
10.5 Composite materials: composition, properties, types and uses
10.6 Emerging materials

Laboratory

1. Water absorption test and bulk density, specific gravity test on brick sample
2. Compressive strength test of brick and stones
3. Consistency test of cement
4. Fineness and soundness test of cement
5. Setting time test of cement
6. Compressive strength of cement
7. Toughness test on steel and timber

Evaluation Scheme

Note: There may be minor deviation in marks distribution.

References

1. Duggal, S. K. (2008). Building Materials. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers.
2. Mamlouk, M. S., & Zaniewski, J. P. (2018). Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
3. Rajput, R. K. (2004). Engineering Materials. S. Chand & Company Ltd
4. Singh, P. (2010). Civil Engineering Materials. New Delhi: S K Kataria & Sons
5. Thornton, P. A., & Prentice, V. J. (1985). Fundadmental of Engineering Materials. Hall Publishing Company.